Urethral cancer is a rare malignancy that affects the urethra, often causing symptoms that can be confused with other urinary tract conditions. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Dr. Pruthvi Raj Honnaiah specializes in the diagnosis and management of urethral cancer, providing comprehensive care for patients with this challenging condition.

Causes and Risk Factors of Urethral Cancer

While the exact cause of urethral cancer is not well understood, there are certain factors that can increase the risk:

• Age: Urethral cancer is more common in people over the age of 60.
• Gender: Men are more likely to develop urethral cancer than women.
• Chronic Inflammation: Chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other chronic inflammatory conditions of the urethra may increase the risk.
• History of Other Cancers: A history of bladder cancer or penile cancer may raise the risk of urethral cancer.
• Smoking: Smoking is a known risk factor for various cancers, including urethral cancer.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV infection is linked to some types of cancer, including urethral cancer.
• Exposure to Chemicals: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals, such as those in industrial settings, can increase the risk.

Symptoms of Urethral Cancer

The symptoms of urethral cancer can vary depending on the tumor's size and location. Common symptoms include:

• Painful urination (dysuria) or discomfort during urination.
• Blood in the urine (hematuria), which can be visible or microscopic.
• Frequent urge to urinate or difficulty urinating.
• Swelling or lump in the genital area.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue.
• For men, a mass or lump at the tip of the penis.
• For women, a mass or lump near the urinary opening.

Diagnosis of Urethral Cancer

Diagnosing urethral cancer requires a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging tests, and biopsy. The following diagnostic methods are typically used:

• Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the urethra and surrounding areas to check for lumps, swelling, or other abnormalities.
• Urinalysis: A urine sample may be tested for the presence of blood or abnormal cells.
• Cystoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the urethra to examine the inside of the urethra and bladder for signs of cancer.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may be used to identify any tumors and assess their size and spread.
• Biopsy: A small tissue sample may be taken from the suspected area for examination under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment for Urethral Cancer

Treatment for urethral cancer depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor or affected part of the urethra is the primary treatment. In some cases, a partial or complete urethrectomy (removal of the urethra) may be necessary.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation can be used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. This may be used as an adjunct to surgery or for patients who are not candidates for surgery.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs may be used to treat advanced urethral cancer or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
• Laser Therapy: In some cases, lasers may be used to remove or shrink the tumor.
• Immunotherapy: This is a treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer. It may be used in certain cases, especially for advanced cancers.
• Palliative Care: In advanced stages, palliative care may be used to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life.

Why Choose Dr. Pruthvi Raj for Urethral Cancer Treatment?

Dr. Pruthvi Raj Honnaiah offers advanced and compassionate care for patients with urethral cancer. With his expertise in urological oncology, he provides personalized treatment plans that focus on both eliminating cancer and maintaining quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical, and Dr. Raj's comprehensive approach ensures the best possible outcomes for his patients.