Hydroceles and hernias are common conditions seen in infants and children. Both involve abnormal swelling in the groin or scrotal region due to fluid or abdominal content passing through an opening that should have closed after birth. Dr. Pruthvi Raj Honnaiah specializes in the diagnosis, evaluation, and surgical correction of paediatric hydroceles and hernias, ensuring safe and effective treatment for your child.

What is a Paediatric Hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a collection of fluid around the testicle within the scrotum. It occurs when a connection between the abdominal cavity and scrotum (called the processus vaginalis) fails to close completely after birth, allowing fluid to accumulate.

Types of Hydrocele:

• Communicating Hydrocele: Fluid moves in and out between the abdomen and scrotum.
• Non-communicating Hydrocele: Fluid is trapped in the scrotum, with no ongoing connection to the abdomen.

What is a Paediatric Inguinal Hernia?

An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine or other abdominal content protrudes through the same connection (processus vaginalis) into the groin or scrotum. This is more serious than a hydrocele as the hernia can become trapped (incarcerated) and lose blood supply (strangulated), requiring urgent surgery.

Symptoms and Signs

• Hydrocele: Painless swelling in the scrotum that may change in size over the day.
• Hernia: Visible bulge in the groin or scrotum, more noticeable during crying or straining.
• Incarcerated Hernia: Painful, firm swelling that may be red, associated with vomiting or discomfort – this is an emergency.

Evaluation and Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves:

• Detailed Medical History: To understand the timing and pattern of swelling.
• Physical Examination: Gentle examination of the groin and scrotum to identify fluid or hernia contents.
• Transillumination Test: Shining a light through the scrotum helps differentiate fluid (hydrocele) from solid tissue (hernia).
• Ultrasound (if needed): Occasionally used to confirm diagnosis in complex cases.

Treatment of Paediatric Hydrocele

Observation: Many hydroceles in newborns resolve on their own within the first year of life. If the hydrocele persists beyond 12-18 months, surgical correction is recommended.

Surgery (Hydrocelectomy):

• Performed under general anesthesia.
• A small incision is made in the groin to close the abnormal connection and remove excess fluid.
• Typically performed as a day-care procedure, allowing the child to go home the same day.

Treatment of Paediatric Hernia

Surgery (Herniotomy):

• Recommended for all inguinal hernias, regardless of age, to prevent complications.
• Performed under general anesthesia.
• A small incision is made in the groin to locate the hernia sac.
• The sac is closed, and the abdominal opening is sealed to prevent recurrence.
• Most cases are done as day-care surgeries, with excellent recovery rates.

Emergency Surgery: If the hernia becomes incarcerated or strangulated, immediate surgery is required.

Post-Surgery Care and Follow-Up

Recovery: Most children recover quickly after hydrocele or hernia surgery and resume normal activities within a few days.

Follow-up:

• Regular follow-up ensures proper healing and checks for any recurrence or complications.
• Pain is usually mild and can be managed with over-the-counter medication.

Why Choose Dr. Pruthvi Raj Honnaiah?

Dr. Pruthvi Raj Honnaiah offers expertise in paediatric urology with a focus on minimally invasive techniques, child-friendly care, and excellent outcomes. His approach ensures compassionate handling of both child and parent, providing clarity and confidence throughout diagnosis, surgery, and recovery.